The name ‘pickerel’ commonly refers to several species of freshwater fish in the pike family, particularly those from the genusEsox. While ‘pickerel’ is a term frequently used in North America, especially in the eastern United States and parts of Canada, these fish are also known by other names depending on local dialects, regions, and species distinctions. Understanding the various names for pickerel helps anglers, researchers, and fish enthusiasts accurately identify these fish and appreciate the diversity of theEsoxgenus across different ecosystems.
What Is a Pickerel?
Pickerel are a group of freshwater predatory fish closely related to northern pike and muskellunge. They are generally smaller than their relatives but share similar body shapes elongated with sharp teeth and a torpedo-like build ideal for ambush hunting. Common pickerel species include the chain pickerel, redfin pickerel, and grass pickerel.
Characteristics of Pickerel
- Long, slender bodies with duck-bill-shaped snouts
- Sharp, needle-like teeth for grasping prey
- Spotted or chain-like markings along the body
- Preferred habitats: weedy lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers
Though generally smaller than northern pike, pickerel are aggressive feeders and popular among sport fishers for their spirited fight.
Common Species of Pickerel
Chain Pickerel (Esox niger)
This is the most widely known and commonly fished pickerel species. Recognized by its chain-like markings along a greenish-yellow body, the chain pickerel is found throughout the eastern United States.
Redfin Pickerel (Esox americanus americanus)
Redfin pickerel are smaller, typically not growing longer than 12 inches. They are found in the southeastern U.S. and are identified by their red or orange-colored fins.
Grass Pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculatus)
This subspecies of the redfin pickerel is named for its preference for vegetated habitats. It has more subtle markings and lacks the bright fin coloration of the redfin.
Other Names for Pickerel
The name ‘pickerel’ may change depending on geographic region, local tradition, and even cultural context. In many areas, people may not differentiate between pickerel and pike or use alternate terms altogether.
Regional and Common Names
- Jackfish: A common name used in Canada and the northern United States to refer to both pickerel and pike species.
- Pike: In some regions, especially where true pike are less common, pickerel are simply called pike. This can lead to confusion between species.
- Grass Pike: Another nickname for grass pickerel, referring to their small size and preference for shallow, weedy areas.
- Southern Pike: A less formal term sometimes used for pickerel found in southeastern waters, especially the redfin pickerel.
- Snakes: Occasionally used by anglers to describe pickerel due to their long, slender appearance and quick movements.
It’s important to note that while these names may be used interchangeably in conversation, they do not always refer to the same species scientifically.
Pickerel vs Pike: Clarifying the Confusion
Pickerel are often confused with their larger relatives, northern pike and muskellunge. Though related, these fish differ in size, markings, and preferred habitats. Part of the confusion arises because some anglers refer to smaller pike as pickerel and vice versa.
Differences Between Pickerel and Pike
- Size: Pickerel rarely exceed 3 pounds, while northern pike can grow over 20 pounds.
- Markings: Pickerel typically have chain-like or wavy patterns, while pike have lighter, oval-shaped spots.
- Jaw structure: Both have sharp teeth, but pickerel often have more pronounced snouts for their size.
- Habitat: Pickerel prefer smaller, heavily vegetated bodies of water; pike are found in larger lakes and rivers.
Despite these differences, the shared lineage of these species often leads to overlapping names in casual use.
Historical and Cultural References
In addition to regional names, pickerel have been referred to differently throughout history. Early European settlers in North America often used the term ‘pike’ generically for allEsoxspecies. Over time, as knowledge of the distinct species grew, names became more refined and localized.
Fishing Traditions and Folklore
- Pickerel have been admired in many cultures for their agility and strength in the water.
- Some Native American tribes included pickerel imagery in their storytelling and symbolism, linking them with stealth and cleverness.
- In New England, chain pickerel were historically called ‘pond pike’ by early settlers.
These names reflect the deep connection between local communities and their surrounding natural environments.
Scientific Names and Taxonomy
While common names vary, scientific names help prevent confusion. The pickerel group falls under theEsoxgenus, which also includes:
- Esox lucius Northern Pike
- Esox masquinongy Muskellunge
- Esox niger Chain Pickerel
- Esox americanus Redfin and Grass Pickerel
Using scientific names in formal contexts such as research or education ensures accuracy and clarity when discussing pickerel and related species.
Pickerel are known by many names across North America and beyond, reflecting the fish’s widespread range and cultural significance. Whether you hear them called jackfish, grass pike, or redfin, these names all point to a group of predatory, agile fish that play a key role in freshwater ecosystems. Understanding the other names for pickerel not only enhances communication among anglers and researchers but also deepens appreciation for the regional identities and histories tied to these remarkable fish. Accurate identification and respectful naming are essential steps in promoting conservation, sport fishing, and ecological awareness.