Chemistry

Molar Mass Of Samarium

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Molar Mass Of Samarium

Samarium is a rare earth metal belonging to the lanthanide series in the periodic table. It is used in various applications, including magnets, nuclear reactors, and electronic components. Understanding the molar mass of samarium is essential for its industrial and scientific applications.

This topic explores the molar mass of samarium, its chemical properties, uses, and significance in modern technology.

What is Samarium?

Samarium is a silvery-white metal that is relatively stable in air compared to other lanthanides. It was discovered in 1879 and is primarily obtained from minerals like monazite and bastnäsite.

Key Characteristics of Samarium

  • Symbol: Sm

  • Atomic number: 62

  • Molar mass: 150.36 g/mol

  • Density: 7.52 g/cm³

  • Melting point: 1072°C (1962°F)

  • Boiling point: 1900°C (3452°F)

Molar Mass of Samarium: Calculation and Importance

The molar mass of samarium is the mass of one mole of samarium atoms. This value is determined by its atomic mass, which is 150.36 g/mol.

Why is Molar Mass Important?

  • Used in chemical reactions and stoichiometric calculations.

  • Essential for material composition analysis in industries.

  • Helps determine concentrations in solutions containing samarium.

Chemical and Physical Properties of Samarium

1. Chemical Properties

  • Reacts slowly with oxygen, forming an oxide layer.

  • Combines with halogens, acids, and nonmetals to form various compounds.

  • Has multiple oxidation states, commonly +2 and +3.

2. Physical Properties

  • Moderate hardness, similar to lead.

  • Can be easily shaped and cut.

  • Good thermal and electrical conductivity.

Common Uses of Samarium

1. Samarium-Cobalt Magnets

  • Used in permanent magnets with high resistance to heat.

  • Found in headphones, electric motors, and aerospace technology.

2. Nuclear Reactors

  • Absorbs neutrons efficiently, making it useful in control rods.

  • Helps regulate nuclear fission reactions.

3. Medical and Pharmaceutical Applications

  • Samarium-153 is used in radiotherapy for bone cancer treatment.

  • Helps in pain relief for cancer patients.

4. Electronics and Optics

  • Used in infrared-absorbing glass and lasers.

  • Improves the efficiency of electronic components.

Extraction and Production of Samarium

Samarium is mainly extracted from monazite and bastnäsite ores using chemical processes like solvent extraction and ion exchange. It is then refined through electrolysis or metallothermic reduction.

Safety and Environmental Considerations

1. Health Risks

  • Low toxicity, but inhaling samarium dust can cause lung irritation.

  • Compounds should be handled with care to avoid prolonged exposure.

2. Environmental Impact

  • Mining samarium can lead to land degradation.

  • Recycling samarium-based materials helps reduce environmental harm.

With a molar mass of 150.36 g/mol, samarium plays a significant role in magnets, nuclear reactors, and medical treatments. Its unique properties make it valuable in high-tech applications, ensuring its continued demand in various industries.